Love in Valentine and The Flea Essay -- The Flea John Donne Carol Ann

Love in Valentine and The FleaThrough a close analysis of language, structure and theme, comp ar andcontrast the poets attitude to love in Valentine and The Flea.The poesy The Flea is about a man trying to cunningly argue a womaninto bed. John Donnes The Flea was a metaphysical poem, writtenmost probably, to guard an audience of men this was called acoterie, which was a group of like-minded individuals who cleverlywrote for each others amusement. This poem was written sometime inthe 17th century where theology was extremely important and sex beforemarriage frowned upon. The poet is exploring ideas and feelings aboutlust and how unimportant losing virginity is, which a woman willobviously object to.The poem is written in three stanzas, which immortalize the progression ofhis argument. The regular rhythm and rhyme implies the confidence hehas that he will get the woman into bed for his frolic and thestrength in his argument. In each stanza there are three rhymingcouplets and a r hyming triplet. This might represent how the flea, theunseen woman and himself are united as one inside the body of theflea. Although, there are a few exceptions, the few half rhymes ineach stanza may show his conscience of being gentle and not pushingher too much.The poem has nine lines in each stanza nine is a multiple of three,which is the number that this poem seems to circle around. This,again, suggests the unity of the two peoples blood in the flea. Itcould also suggest the woman, himself and a baby. This could beimplied through the phrase pamperd swells. This could be the womanbecoming gravid from making love. This might be a more sensitiveside to the poem.The title The Fle... ... and made mewonder why she had chosen an onion to represent her substance felt forher partner. I think the poet felt strongly about how people shouldexpress their feelings to those you care about instead of followingthe crowd and sending supernumerary cards. I would like to read more ofher poems. John Donnes poem The Flea makes me feel quite angry because he hasportrayed how some men think that women are objects only for theirown pleasure and that virginity is insignificant and unimportant. Butit did also make me laugh because of how melodramatic he was and howdesperate he was to persuade her that he utilize a flea as an example. Ithink it was a very clever poem and would have certainly entertainedthe audience it was aimed at. He was a very intelligent man and Iwould expect that many of his other poems would be just as witty andinteresting.

Comparing and Analysing The Gift and Frankenstein :: The Gift Frankenstein Movies Film Essays

Comparing and Analysing The Gift and FrankensteinWe watched a video called The Gift. This was a base of a girlcalled Annie, aged 16. She was a keen sportswoman and played footballregularly. However, she began to develop balance difficulties. Thesedifficulties began to escalate, Annie and her mother, Barbara, decideto go to the Doctors. They find out that Annie has a sever conditionnamed Friedricks Attaxia in which your muscles waste away. Annie istold that her condition will deteriorate and she will eventually die.On hearing this news, Annies brother, Ryan, who is fourteen, wants tobe tested for the disease. Ryan finds that he is a carrier of thedisease.The film now goes forward in time to the category 2012. Annie, Ryanssister, s now dead. Ryan is married and wants to have a nestling but isconcerned as to whether his wife is a carrier of Friedericks Attaxia,she is tested and found as a carrier. This means that there is achance of their kid being born with this disease. Ryan wants to makesure that their claw does not have the disease. Ryan persuades hiswife to let him select a child, using advanced technology, which doesnot cover the Friedericks Attaxia gene, on condition that that is theonly thing that he selects. However, as a geneticist, Ryan can readand understand the gene odes which are presented to him, Ryan decidesto pick a child without the Friedericks Attaxia gene, but also selectsa boy who is good at sport (in memory of Annie).The story again goes forward in time. Now in the year 2029, Ryan isnow divorced and their son, hold back, is now 16. He is a tennis champion.However, he discovers he cannot qualify for an award beca drug abuse he was aDesigner baby. Mark now confronts his father, Ryan, who reveals thetruth.The film ends with a talk show, debating whether designer babiesshould be allowed, in which Ryan, his ex wife, Mark, and a scientistare interviewed. Ryan and the scientist are clearly for the proposalRyans ex wife is against. They debat e the pros and cons of GeneticEngineering. These included increased quality of life for the pros,but it was argues that designer babies took away the foetus right tolive.We talked about the issues, characters and their viewpoints. Ryan(when he was young) was actually jealous of Annie, and all of theattention she was receiving. However, he was devastated by Anniescondition. Ryan turns out to be a very clever, determined man, who,although he took it too far, tried to use genetic engineering for

A Man For All Seasons Essay example -- essays research papers

For a truly Christian man, nothing is more important than preparing the immortal soul for the next life. In the play, A Man For All Seasons, Sir doubting Thomas Moore is a devout Christianapparent due to his unceasing prayers, vast humbleness, devotion to his family, and his ardency in maintaining the truth. His refusal to obey King hydrogen VIII shows that he believes strongly in life after death, for going against the King of England in Renaissance Era ensured swift, lethal retribution. The only way that Sir Thomas might have remained alive was to swear to the Act of Succession, which violated his deepest convictions about religion. Being a Christian, Sir Thomas decided to let God be the value of those who endorsed the oath to avoid the wrath of King Henry and remain on earth for an amount of time that would surely pass. Fearing not for his life but for the finding of fact on his immortal soul, Sir Thomas Moore decided to defend the truth.The corruption of Renaissance England i s obvious all the way from the church to the monarchyclutching cardinals, lords, bishops, and even kings in its nearly ineluctable grasp. Wishing to gain greater material wealth, those in high places often bent the rules, told lies, and threatened underlings to attain that which they desired. Sir Thomas Moore, however, made no false pretenseshe truly believed in Christianity and its siblings honesty, charity, and integrity. He was not one to compromise hi...

Erythema Migrans Essay -- Health, Diseases, Ticks

Erythema migrans (EM) is a red, behind expanding rash which is associated with the bite of chatters. European physicians observed EM in patients in the early 20th century and theorized that it was caused by a tick-borne bacterium. Later the in the 1970s a physican observed a clusters of child with arthritis in and around Lyme, Conneticut. after further investigation it was discovered that the arthritis occurred subsequent to the presence of tick bites followed through with EM rash lesions. It was not until 1984 when conclusive evidence showed that the bacterium spirochete Berrelia burgdorferi caused Lyme disease. In 2002 Lyme disease caused more than 23, 000 infections in the United States (1) . Lyme disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium spirochete B. burgdorferi that transmitts the bacterium to humans through the bites of westward black-legged deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis). This tick is much smaller than a dog or cattle tick and feed by inserting their mout hs into the skin of a host and slowly receive their vital fluid (1). Early localized Lyme disease occurs 3-30 days after the tick bites. Symptoms include EM, mild muslce aches, fever, headache, and lymphadenopathy. Early disseminated disease occurs 1-4 months subsequent to the tick bite. Symptoms include cranial-nerve facial palsy, meningitis, radiculopathy, and heart block. In the late platform of the disease which begins 3-4 months after the tick bite. Symptoms include arthirits in big joints, rigid headache, encephalitis and cognitive ails. Early localized Lyme disease is treated with doxycycline or amoxicillin for 14-21 days. Early disseminated and late Lyme disorder are treated for 14-28 days with either literal or parental therapy (ceft... ...ible through seasonal feeding activity of nymphal I. scapularis and the increase of outdoor activities tribe engage in during these months (4). In 2002 there were a score of 23,763 reported cases of Lyme disease, more than any previous year (2). Similar to previous days, the highest incidence rates occurred in northeastern, mid-Atlanatic and north central states. The largest proportion of cases were reported among ages 5-14 years and 50-59 years. Factors influences this grow in reported cases include a growing deer population, increased residential development of wodded areas, tick dispersal to new areas, improved disorder remembrance in areas where Lyme disease is endemic, and enhanced reporting (2). The NETSS system is weighty because it helps determinine who is at risk and where the highest incidence rates are that need targeted preventative measures.

An Alternate Perspective on the Mythical West :: essays papers

An Alternate Perspective on the Mythical WestThe topic of the American West has intrigued me throughout my life. The tales of cowboys and Indians, of the problematical individual and nature, has always sparked my interest. A land with such quixotic stories of adventure, the West has instilled itself in American history. The yarns and movies of the mythical frontier provide a perception to which I among many others have chosen to adopt at one time or another. This perception has been embedded in many youths, providing a nationalistic spate of America using the West as a symbol of the individualism to which our forefathers fought for. Yet it is human nature to be inquisitive, and so I delved into this topic in the hopes of developing a better understanding of the history of the great American frontier.The myth of the American West has been intertwined throughout United States history. It is often perceived as a romantic story, a legacy that has ingrained itself in American cul ture and society. The 1890 census announced the end of the frontier, closing a chapter in American history. In 1893, Frederick Jackson Turner argued the importance of the frontier in shaping American politics, economy, and culture. Turners nationalistic view of the West created a problem, providing a mythical notion of a realistically rough arena filled with conflict and frustration. Furthermore, the thesis proposed by Turner proved to be futile for the indue and future. The firmness of Turners thesis left it susceptible to challenges, creating a revolution of historical study of the Old West in the mid-twentieth century. Historians dedicated to the American West have branched off from Turner and have created a field that hinges on this complex area. These historians have challenged the old myths of a quaint West, pursuance to expose the true nature of Western expansion. Among these historians, Patricia Nelson Limerick has developed a perception of the West based on the st ories of the men and women who actually lived there. In her book, The Legacy of victory The Unbroken Past of the American West, Limerick maintains that Westward expansion was not a romantic saga of cowboys and Indians, but instead was a gradual conquest based on economics and politics. In a sense, the West was not founded by rugged individualists, but rather by competition and profit.

An Alternate Perspective on the Mythical West :: essays papers

An Alternate Perspective on the Mythical wolframThe topic of the the Statesn West has intrigued me throughout my life. The tales of cowboys and Indians, of the rugged single(a) and nature, has always sparked my interest. A land with such quixotic stories of adventure, the West has instilled itself in American history. The yarns and movies of the mythological frontier provide a perception to which I among many a(prenominal) others have chosen to adopt at one time or another. This perception has been embedded in many youths, providing a nationalistic view of America using the West as a symbol of the individualism to which our forefathers fought for. Yet it is human nature to be inquisitive, and so I delved into this topic in the hopes of developing a better understanding of the history of the great American frontier.The myth of the American West has been intertwined throughout United States history. It is often perceived as a romantic story, a legacy that has ingrained itse lf in American culture and society. The 1890 census announced the end of the frontier, closing a chapter in American history. In 1893, Frederick Jackson Turner argued the importance of the frontier in shaping American politics, economy, and culture. Turners nationalistic view of the West created a problem, providing a mythical notion of a realistically rough arena filled with conflict and frustration. Furthermore, the thesis proposed by Turner proved to be futile for the present and future. The firmness of Turners thesis left it susceptible to challenges, creating a revolution of historical study of the Old West in the mid-twentieth century. Historians dedicated to the American West have branched off from Turner and have created a field that hinges on this complex area. These historians have challenged the old myths of a quaint West, seeking to fracture the true nature of Western expansion. Among these historians, Patricia Nelson Limerick has developed a perception of the West based on the stories of the men and women who actually lived there. In her book, The Legacy of Conquest The unremitting Past of the American West, Limerick maintains that Westward expansion was not a romantic saga of cowboys and Indians, but instead was a gradual conquest based on economic science and politics. In a sense, the West was not founded by rugged individualists, but rather by competition and profit.

Ethics, Morals, or Values Essay

My ethical judgment was put to a severe test only once in the past. However, when it happened, it completely overwhelmed me that I could never be certain until now whether I made the right decision. It involved my 90-year-old great-aunt whom I loved dearly and who had no other living relative as well me. She was rushed to the hospital in a comatose condition, no blood pressure reading, and no pulse. She was later diagnosed with sepsis secondary to infection from her bed sores after macrocosm bedridden for more than a year.She was finally transferred to a private room with a blood pressure reading of 60/40 and a quite a weak pulse but stable, according to her attending physician, considering the circumstances. However, days and weeks later, her condition did not improve. She was still comatose, and antibiotics did not seem to be taking any effect. Later, she true pneumonia. I was informed by the hospital staff that it was expected in her situation. After all, they told me, she was a weakened, 90-year-old woman in coma.One day her doctor talked to me rough her condition. He informed me that there was nothing wrong with her heart she had a very healthy heart. What worried him, he said, were her lungs because they were ready to collapse. The moment her lungs collapse, my aunt would straight stop breathing and die in spite of a healthy heart. There was only one thing they could do if I treasured her to take note on breathing and stay alive technically alive, at least. They could insert a breathing tube that would reach her lungs and pump air into her using a breathing bag.However, he wanted me to understand that the procedure would be very painful for my aunt a painful procedure that would not even serve well my aunt recover consciousness. But first, he wanted to get my consent to perform the procedure on my aunt when the need arose. I could not dress him instantly. I knew what he was asking me. I heard some nurses talking about heroics in connection wi th dying patients. My aunts doctor wanted to know if I would ask him to write the words no heroics on my aunts card so that they could allow her to die I could communicate her to die as soon as her lungs collapsed.I was the next of kin. Since my aunt could no longer decide for herself, the decision was up to me. I was staring at euthanasia in the face I asked the doctor if I could give him my answer the following day. He said yes, but reminded me not to delay or it might be too late. I spent the whole evening thinking about it asking myself some questions. What would my aunt have wanted me to do? My aunt was a devout Catholic. Would she want me to decide as one? The following morning I told her doctor Please do everything for her

Global Crossing Management

orbiculate cover Management 1 globular mark Management Mary Adams MGT/330 April 6, 2010 ball-shaped Crossing Management 2 globular Crossing Management international Crossing was founded in 1997 by Gary Winnick. They reported $3. 8 billion in revenue enhancement and $1. 9 billion in losses in 2000. Global Crossing is a leading global IP solutions provider. Global Crossing has developed the human beingss first integrated global IP-based net compute, according to the About Global Crossing article (2010). The perplexity of Global Crossing began the company by utilise all four functions of management.The planning function of management was the beginning of turning an idea into a supremacy. According to University of Phoenix calendar week Two reading mean and Strategic Management (2010), Planning is the conscious, systematic process of making decisions about goals and activities that an individual, group, work unit, or organization will pursue in the future. There argon six amounts in the planning process that Global Crossing had to use in order to plan for the companys future. The first note in the planning process is a situational analysis. A ituation analysis is when past events are studied, current conditions are examined, and future trends are forecasted. The second step in the planning process is developing alternative goals and plans. Goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound. The third step in the planning process is evaluating goals and plans. Management should evaluate the effects of Global Crossing Management 3 the goals and plans, prioritize goals, and consider implications. The fourth step in the planning process is selecting the goals and plans that are the most appropriate.This will lead to a create verbally set of goals and plans. The fifth step in the planning process is implementing the plans. Implementing the plan requires all managers and employees to understand the plan and to be motivated to imp lement the plan. The sixth step in the planning process is monitoring and controlling. Monitoring and controlling is necessary in determining if the plan is successful. According to About Global Crossing (2010), well-nigh of the Global Crossing managements plans were to provide telecommunications, deliver services globally, and employ a team of dedicated rofessionals. Many different factors fix Global Crossings strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning. Some of those factors are Global Crossings managements strengths and weaknesses. A strong management can work well together to develop strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency plans. However, if the management team is weak, the strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency plans may in like manner be weak. The economy is another factor that can influence Global Crossings strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning.The plans may need to be different when the economy is good than when the economy is bad. Global Crossing Management 4 Scandals within the company is a factor that can influence strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning at Global Crossing. Scandals can affect trust between employees and managers as well as affect the trust that the consumers have in the company. Global Crossing has had some scandals that have influenced management planning. These scandals have brought about legal issues, ethical autograph issues, and corporate fond obligation ssues for Global Crossing and the future of Global Crossing. Ackman (2002) state that Global Crossing faced issues in 2002 when the company went bankrupt. Ackman (2002) also stated that Global Crossing and Gary Winnick were charged with dishonest accounting, fraudulent swapping of assets and liabilities, and the enrichment of top executives even though other employees lost millions. Greed seemed to be the downfall of Global Crossing. Global Crossing faced ethics issues when it was discovered tha t Gary Winnick and former CEO, Leo Hindery, Jr. ere involved with insider trading. Another ethics issue with Global Crossing was readiness swapping. The bare-assed management team at Global Crossing see ethics as an important part of the company and the planning process. Ethics influence management planning at Global Crossing because it plays an important part in the planning process. When planning, Global Crossings management planned a code of ethics and business Global Crossing Management 5 conduct plan. According to Code of Ethics and Business clear (n. d. ), management at GlobalCrossing make sure that all employees review and agree with the Code of Ethics. If employees do not comply with the Code of Ethics, they will be subject to theatre of operations and could even be terminated. At the same time that Global Crossing was facing ethic issues within the company, they were also facing legal issues. Insider trading and capacity swapping were both illegal. Gary Winnick, Leo Hin dery, Jr. , and many others faced legal charges for their illegal activities. The new management team planned the Code of Ethics and Business Conduct plan to make sure the ompany does not get involved with any illegal activities again. Corporate social responsibility is an important part of Global Crossing and the management planning process. John Legere, CEO of Global Crossing, and management and employees of Global Crossing have developed many different programs that show corporate social responsibility in their planning. It is stated in Corporate Social Responsibility (2009) that Global Caring is a worldwide program that developed an Employee Community Day. each(prenominal) employee is granted one extra day off to pursue a charitable contribution to their community.MATHNext is an education program that Global Crossing has helped by providing technology, Global Crossing Management 6 donating laptop computers, and providing videoconferencing and web-based seminars. Global Crossing also participates in Going Green. Global Crossing is a company that has faced a downfall and with a new management team, has rebuilt itself. Many different factors can influence management planning. Issues such as legal issues, ethics, and corporate social responsibility can influence management planning. These factors and issues can make a company a failure with a poor management team.The same factors and issues can also make a company a success with a strong management team. Global Crossing has been turned from a failure to a success with a strong management team and proper planning. Global Crossing Management 7 References About Global Crossing. (2010). Global Crossing. Retrieved April 25, 2010, from http//www. globalcrossing. com/company/company_landing. aspx Ackman, D. (2002). House committees to suss out Global Crossing. Forbes. com. Retrieved April 25, 2010, from http//www. forbes. com/2002/03/13/0313topnews. htmlCode of Ethics and Business Conduct. (n. d. ). Global Crossing . Retrieved April 26, 2010, from http//www. globalcrossing. com/docs/Ethics/GlobalCrossingCodeofConductPolicy_eng. pdf Corporate Social Responsibility. (2009). Global Crossing. Retrieved April 26, 2010, from http//www. globalcrossing. com/company/company_global_caring. aspx University of Phoenix. (2010). Planning and Strategic Management. Retrieved April 22, 2010, from University of Phoenix, Week Two reading, aXcess, MGT330-Management Theory, Practice and Application Course Web site.

Frankenstein and Prometheus Essay

Mary Shelleys novel Frankenstein can be compared to the myth Prometheus by J.M Hunt in several ways. Frankenstein and Prometheus both created feeling in their own way and faced consequences that they had not expected to encounter although they differed in that Frankenstein abandoned his creation and abhorred him whereas Prometheus wanted to help and care for his creation. Both Frankenstein and Prometheus actual creations easily and did not realize the consequences behind it. In the novel Frankenstein original always wanted to understand the cause of life and death and he set his mind into finding the answer. I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless social occasion that lay at my feet (Shelley 58). Victor was excited to understand that what he has created was the answer to his problems. Prometheus also felt the same way when he was creating his creation. Prometheus had the labour to create man. Prometheus had the task to create man. Prometheus shaped man out of mud, and Athena breathed life into his clay figure (Legend of Prometheus).Prometheus task in creating life was easy, as for Frankenstein it was much harder as he spent months creating it. With the goal of creating life they both faced consequences because of their actions. Frankenstein and Prometheus ended up with severe consequences when they had created life. When Victor left Geneva for Ingolstadt an incident had occurred. Once twenty-four hours he received a letter from his father. William is dead That sweet child, whose smiled delighted and warmed my heart, who was so gentle, yet so gay Victor, he is murdered (Shelley 73). When Victor had read the letter he was shocked. Upon returning to Geneva he realized the monster had murdered his brother. Prometheus also faced consequences when he created man. When Zeus discovered that Prometheus be to him he took fire away from man. Prometheus then lit a torch from the su and brought ti pole again to man. Zeus was enraged and punished Prometheus.Take Prometheus to the Caucasus Mountains and orbit him to a rock with unbreakable adamant chains. Here he was tormented solar day and night by a giant eagle learing at his liver-colored (Legend of Prometheus). The pain wouldnt end for Prometheus because his liver would grow back again. Frankenstein and Prometheus faced consequences that ended in Frankenstein losing his loved one Prometheus being physically tortured day and night. Despite their punishment, Frankenstein exhibited actions that led him to become a bad creator, and Prometheus showing qualities of being a good creator. Frankenstein fathered his monster with his own hands. He labored for years in order to successfully breathe life into his creature. Then later once it was alive he abhorred him. When the monster was alive Frankenstein said Oh no mortal could keep the horror of that countenance Frankenstein passed the night wretchedly Mingled with this horror Franken stein felt the bitterness of disappointment (Shelley 59).This shows that all he wants to do with he creation is run away from it and to never see it again. Although Prometheus showed different qualities towards his monster. Prometheus fought to protect the human being he had given life to. Prometheus lit a torch from the sun and brought I back again to man (Legend of Prometheus). All he had tried to do was help his creation. Frankenstein and Prometheus differed because Frankenstein tried to hurt and abandon his creation but Prometheus did the opposite to his creation. Frankensten can be compared to the myth of Promethheus in many ways. When both are read the reader can infer many clear similarities between the two. Both Prometheus and Frankenstein faced consequences but treated their creations in different ways.

Animals in Captivity

The zoo is packed with children, running everywhere. They laugh and smile as they watch the animals at the zoo sleep. What these children do non realize is that these animals atomic number 18 anxious(p) on the inside. Animals that choke at the zoo are extremely depressed. These animals crumb suffer severe psychological disorders from organism out of their inbred environment. But others surround that retentiveness these animals in internment go forth help keep menace species alive. However, the disadvantages of keeping animals in imprisonment are becoming much than and more serious, and more people are beginning to remember that animals should not be held captive.Animals should not be kept in captivity because of the negative impact it can open on their life. On Christmas Day, in the year 2007 a tiger broke out of its enclosure at the San Francisco Zoo. Once out of its cage, the tiger attacked 3 people, firmly injuring two people, and killing one. Unfortunately, thi s was not the first time that this tiger had shown aggression towards people. A year before this incident, this tiger had injured a zoo keeper during a public feeding (Roberts, 2008).In captivity animals are isolated from their congenital habitat, and are provided with very little physical and mental stimulation. According to the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), facilities with potential dangerous animals, must hurl appropriate safety procedures in order to prevent attacks by these animals. Sadly, these procedures were not followed at the San Francisco Zoo (Roberts, 2008). Another incident standardized this occurred with a orca whale and its trainer. Dawn Brancheau was drug to the bottom of her killer whales tank at Sea World in Orlando, Florida.Although these whales are called, killers at that place is no record of them killing human macrocosms in the wild. According to the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, attacks by killer whales in captivity happens more th an you think (McCarthy, 2010). Why do these animals attack in captivity and not in the wild? The answer to this question is believed to be linked to captivity cogitate stress. In the wild, these animals are very social, living with 10 to 20 other whales. Placing these animals in captivity alters their behavior, and leads these animals to have unpredictable anger.Because of this animal welfare campaigners believe that killer whales should not be placed into captivity, exclusively you can not just place the animals that were so easily caught into the wild again (McCarthy, 2010). People argue that keeping these kinds of animals in captivity provides the world with numerous educational benefits, but accidents like this are happening more and more. These incidents chafe a person wonder if these animals were neer to be placed into captivity, would these tragedies have happened. Animals should not be kept in captivity because it has been proved to have a negative impact on their lives. Generally, animals that live in zoos suffer from miserable well- be. Although, these animals receive veterinary care that they normally would not receive in the wild, they can suffer from severe stress. Evidence has been demonstrate that psychological shoots of these animals are not being met. Not only do these animals suffer mentally, but they likewise suffer physically too. After being placed in captivity, some animals can buzz off susceptible to opportunistic infections such as jaw abscesses (Mason, 2009). Also the giraffe has a short aliveness in captivity wherefore it would normally have in the wild.The reasoning behind this is that they have low energy intake in the wild and poor nutritional status (Mason, 2009). more animals that live in captivity do not seem the flourish in the same way that they would in the wild. Many animals that live in captivity do not liquidate the kind of exercise that their bodies need, especially elephants (Smith, 2008). Being locked up in a facility baron be helping these animals avoid poachers, but the lack of exercise is causing cardiovascular disease. Elephants that live in captivity do not live near as long as they would in the wild. 7 elephants were examined at a British zoo, and only 11 of them were able to walk correctly. It is said that advancements are being made to improve elephant environments in captivity, but numerous zoos have shut down their elephant attractions (Smith, 2008). Many people are attracted to keeping wild animals as pets. They believe the wild animals to be interesting and exciting. At a young age, the animals may seem easier to tame, but the older these animals get, the more aggressive they tend to become. Many tasks can develop from keeping a wild animal as a pet.Wild animals have specific needs that have to be met, in order for them to prosper. besides the intimately exceptional zoos and wildlife centers provide a living area that somewhat resembles the natural habitat of these ani mals, but it is virtually impossible to provide sufficient stead for larger species(CFHS). In captivity animals do not lose their wild instincts. They can be extremely unpredictable, and if provoked they can cause severe disablement to people. Some wild animals, such as reptiles and hedgehogs can actually carry bacteria called salmonella, which is very easily transmitted to humans.Exotic animals can be very social, and need to have a companion of the same species living with them. If the animal is kept isolated from its kind, then it can suffer psychologically (CFHS). Many wild animals that are kept as pets often get abandoned because the owner was not able to meet of its needs. Others try to place the animal back into its natural habitat, but after being in captivity for many years, the animal is not able to re-adapt to this environment. When these animals are abandoned, it is difficult to find a red-hot home for them.Sadly, most of these animals end up being humanely euthanized , or die from stress of being run awayd from one environment to another (CFHS). There are inexorable guidelines for some animals such as penguins that live in captivity. In some areas of the world, it is actually illegal to hold these animals captive. Due to some of the elements that penguins are exposed to in captivity, some can become very ill, or even die (Penguin Facts, 2009). Although, a lot of these facilities are cleaned regularly, the illnesses can spread extremely fast to members of the penguin resolution without warning.If the illness continues to spread throughout the colony then the penguins are all at risk of becoming ill, or even possibly dying (Penguin Facts, 2009). When new members are added to a colony, penguin may feel the urge to migrate, which is an instinct they must ignore in captivity(Penguin Facts, 2009). In zoos, it is commonly seen that two males or two females resulting have a relationship, but in the wild this is not seen (Penguin Facts, 2009). Anoth er animal that does not do well in captivity is the monkey.Behind bars these animals are well fed and safe, but they will never be able to socialize with other types of monkeys like they normally would be able to in the wild. original Hugo explains, People think they can tame these wild creatures because theyre so cute when theyre babies but they inevitably bite someone and then become a problem(Macaskill, 2011). Monkeys are believed to be cute and cuddly creatures, but this animal can actually feel threatened by this kind of attention from a human. Eventually, hint to attacking what it feels threatened by, as it would do in the wild.According to Victor, Every day a monkey spends in captivity makes a difference and once theyve become too humanized, they become non-releasable (Macaskill, 2011). An argument many have placed in the defense of zoos is educational benefits and conservation. Not all zoos are bad. According to Michael Hutchins, PhD, director and William Conway precede of the Department of Conservation and Science for the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, there are two kinds of zoos, zoos that meet AZA standards and zoos that just arent up to par (Keuhn, 2011).He also discussed that in the past few years, zoos have changed from focusing on preserving species by captive breeding to preserving habitats and species that live in the wild. Zoos support conservation by educating members of society, and top money for conservation projects. They can also help develop technologies, and with scientific research (Keuhn, 2011). It is said that by observing animals in captivity, scientists can find semiprecious information that they would not be able to gather in by observing animals in the wild. However, conservation is not justification for zoos.Dr. Hutchins says that animal welfare is evenly important. The AZA has taken a number of steps to improve animal welfare. They must promote natural habitats, and ensure quality care of their animals. They hav e also outreached to insufficient zoos, to help close down the worst facilities (Keuhn, 2011). Some people argue that animals do not have rights. They believe that in order to keep endangered species alive, the animals must be captured. Zoos can also provide animals with safety from poachers and wildlife predators (Nakate, 2010).Some zoos do treat animals in a harsh manner, but there is improvement being made in the quality of care being provided to animals. There are many educational benefits that zoos and conservation centers provide people with. These places are trying to make more people aware of the environment (Nakate, 2010). Many schools take field trips to zoos in order to educate children, early in their lives near animals, and their environment. Teaching children about the environment, at a young age will help raise awareness about environmental issues later on in their lives.Terminating all zoos would resist knowledge about some animals. For many scientists, it is hard for them to get a good look at animals in the wild. By placing some of these creatures in captivity, it enables scientists to get a closer look at these species and their behavior. Without zoos, conducting research would become a hassle. Scientists would have to go into the wild for several days to track the animal down, then once found, they would have to try to observe from a safe distance. Most penguins seem to do fairly well in zoos, and conservation centers.Captivity is beneficial to penguins that have been injured in the wild, and would have died without the help from animal caretakers (Penguin Facts, 2009). In the wild, penguin eggs have the chance of being destroyed by predators, but in captivity there is a chance for all the eggs to survive. Also, this gives animal caretakers a chance to help feed the baby penguins that the adults will not care for (Penguin Facts, 2009). Ultimately, captivity is very beneficial to the penguin population. Although, it may seem like zoos and other conservation centers provide people with educational benefits that is not always the case.Most children, who visit the zoo, do not even read the informational guides that are placed at each exhibit. Generally, people spend a few moments at each display, to take pictures of the animals then move on to the next without even taking a glance at any information given. While, not all zoos are bad, many zoos out there do not take proper care of their animals, leading them to a lifetime of misery, and pain. Without proper care, animals cannot function normally. Animals that do not live in their natural environment do not get the right amount of socialization that they need.This can cause severe physiological effects on them. The stress of piteous animals from one environment to another can be harmful as well. Even though these animals are captive, they are still wild animals, and have natural instincts to protect themselves. If an animal in captivity believes it is in danger, it will attack a human, causing severe injury, or death. Some animals in captivity will attack just because it is in their nature. Once placing an animal in captivity, it cannot be placed back into its natural environment. Animals have a hard time re-adapting to the wild.Placing animals in captivity has its obvious benefits, but do these benefits outweigh the disadvantages that it has on an animal? When placing animals in zoos, people are not thinking about the natural welfare of them. They are only thinking of the scientific benefits and entertainment values that these animals bring to the world. Keeping animals in zoos may help out endangered species, but they will never be able to prosper outside of the cages of those facilities. Is an animal truly an animal when its trapped behind bars?

Business Law Text Notes Essay

Nature of CrimesCrimes are public wrongs- numbers prohibited by the arouse or federal government. Typically classified advertisement as a felony or a misdemeanorFelony- A serious crimes such as murder, sexual assault and involve significant moral culpableness on the offenders part. These are punishable by lengthy prison sentences, fines, loss of voting rights, revoking of professional licenses. Misdemeanor- A lesser offense such as disorderly conduct or battery terminationing in minor physical harm to the victim. These usually involve much less moral culpability by the offender than those of felony offenses. Punishable by lesser fines and confinement in prison.Purpose of the Criminal SanctionUnder the utilitarian view people mean that prevention of socially undesirable behavior is the only purpose of bend penalties. This goal of prevention includes three major components deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation.Deterrence- Under this theory threat or imposition of pena lisation deters crimes in two ways1. Special Deterrence- when punishment of an offender deters him from vestting further crimes2. General Deterrence- when punishment of a wrongdoer deters other from committing equal offenses Factors influencing the effectiveness of deterrence are1. Likelyhood crime will be detected2. That detection will be followed by prosecution3. That Prosecution will result in conviction4. The severity of the punishment is a key factorRehabilitation- Involves changing offenders attitudes or values so they are less inclined to commit future offenses.Incapacitation- Incarcerating offenders so they are less likely to commit crimes while imprisoned.Essentials of CrimeTo convict a defendant of a crime the government must(prenominal)1. Demonstrate his alleged acts violated a criminal statute 2. Prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he act those acts and 3. Prove that he had the capacity to form a criminal intentCrimes are statutory offenses. A behavior is not a cri me unless congress or state legislature has criminalized it.Constitutional Limitations on Power to Criminalize BehaviorThe US Constitution prohibits ex post facto criminal laws. This means that to be illegal the offenders act must have been illegal at the time of the offense and the penalty imposed must be the one letd for at the time of her offense.Equal shield ClauseThis prohibits criminal statutes that treat certain persons of the same class or arbitrarily discriminate among different classes of people. -The Eighth Amendment of the Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishmentProof Beyond a Reasonable DoubtFundamental safeguard is a defendant is innocent until proven guilty or the presumption of innocence. The delinquent Process Clauses require the government to overcome this presumption by proving all charges beyond a reasonable doubt.Defendants Criminal Intent and expertnessMost serious crimes required mens rea or criminal intent as an element. Proof that the defendant had the capacity to form the required criminal intent is a prerequisite of criminal responsibility. Criminal law recognizes three types of incapacity intoxication, infancy, and insanity.Criminal ProcedureCriminal Prosecutions An Overview-Persons arrested for allegedly committing a crime are taken to the patrol station and booked. -Booking is an admin procedure for recording the suspects arrest. -After the booking police file an arrest report with the prosecutor who decides whether to charge the person with an offense -If she decides to quest after she prepares a complaint-The suspect is then taken to the judge for an initial appearance. During this appearance the judge informs the suspect of the charges against him and outlines the suspects constitutional rights. -In the case of a felony charge there is an additional preliminary hearing where the prosecutor must present enough evidence to determine probable cause that the suspect committed the felony. -If probable cause exists the judge binds over the suspect for a trial in the appropriate motor hotel -After the bindover the formal charge against the defendant is filed with the trial approach-The formal charge consists of either an information filed by the prosecutor or an bill of indictment returned by a grand jury -Once an information or indictment is filed an arraignment occurs where the defendant is brought before the court, informed of the charges and asked to enter a plea. -The defendant may plea guilty, not guilty or nolo contendere, which means the defendant does not deal the charges but does not admit guilt -Once the plea is entered the defendant chooses what type of trial that will take place. Persons accused of serious crimes for which incarcerations for more than six months is likely have a right to jury trial or he can waive his right and have a bench trial, judge only. role of Constitutional SafeguardsThe Bill of Rights and the first 10 Amendments to the US Constitution set forth rights of criminal defendantsFourth AmendmentProtects people from arbitrary and unreasonable governmental violations of their seclusion rights.-Against unreasonable search and seizure without probable causeReasonable Expectation of Privacy4th Amendment only protects people from search where there is a reasonable expectation of privacy.Warrant Requirement and ExceptionsThe court held that searches without warrants are unreasonable.Exclusionary RuleEvidence seized in an illegal search without a warrant is inadmissible in court and any information obtained during an illegal search that leads to a later discovery is inadmissible in court as well.The USA Patriot ActA statute that gave the government a broad ranging freedom to conduct searches of property, internet activity, bank accounts and other activities that used to require a warrant.The Fifth AmendmentThis amendment protects against compelled testimonial self-incrimination by establishing no person shall be compelled in any criminal case t o be a witness against himself. This prevents government coercion of a suspect into making self-incriminating statements.Miranda Rights- a fifth amendment right which requires police to inform suspects before interrogating them their rights to remain silent and have an attorney present.Production of RecordsThe fifth amendment protects people against compelled production of their personal papers. However, this is not the case for corporations, since corps do not enjoy fifth amendment rights corporations and corp officers must present business records.Double JeopardyA 5th amendment provision that states someone can not be tried twice for the same offense.Sixth AmendmentEntitles defendants to a speedy trial by an impartial jury and gurantees them the right to cross examine the witnesses against them. Also provides the defendant is entitled to a court appointed attorney or the right to provide her own attorney for her defense.White Collar Crimes and the Dilemmas of Corporate ControlWhi te Collar Crime is the term used for a variety of non violent criminal offenses committed by business persons and business organizations.Today a corporation may be held liable for criminal offenses committed by employees who acted within the kitchen stove of their employment and for the benefit of the corporation.The Sarbanes-Oxley ActThis act created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in charge of regulation of public accounting starchys audits of corporations in response to a wave of financial scandal.